构建一个健壮的电商商品管理系统是体验J2EE核心技术的绝佳途径,本教程将手把手带你使用经典的J2EE组件栈(Servlet, JSP, JPA, EJB/CDI)开发一个具备增删改查(CRUD)、搜索和基本安全控制的后台管理系统,涵盖从环境搭建到部署的关键环节,我们专注于遵循最佳实践,确保应用的模块化、可维护性和性能。

开发环境与技术栈
- IDE: IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate 或 Eclipse IDE for Enterprise Java Developers
- JDK: Java SE 17 (LTS推荐)
- 应用服务器: WildFly 27+ 或 Jakarta EE 10 兼容服务器(如 GlassFish 7)
- 数据库: PostgreSQL 15+ 或 MySQL 8.0+
- 构建工具: Apache Maven 3.8+
- 关键技术:
- Jakarta Servlet 6.0 / JSP 3.0: 处理Web请求与视图呈现
- Jakarta Persistence API (JPA) 3.1: 对象关系映射(ORM),使用Hibernate 6.2作为实现
- Jakarta Enterprise Beans (EJB) 4.0 或 Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) 4.0: 业务逻辑封装与依赖注入(本教程将展示EJB Lite + CDI组合)
- Jakarta Bean Validation 3.0: 数据模型验证
- Jakarta Security 3.0 (或 JAAS): 身份认证与授权
- JSTL 2.0: JSP标准标签库,简化视图层逻辑
项目结构 (Maven)
product-management-system
├── pom.xml
└── src
├── main
│ ├── java
│ │ └── com
│ │ └── example
│ │ └── ecommerce
│ │ ├── model // 实体类 (JPA)
│ │ │ └── Product.java
│ │ ├── dao // 数据访问层 (Repository)
│ │ │ └── ProductRepository.java
│ │ ├── service // 业务逻辑层 (EJB)
│ │ │ └── ProductService.java
│ │ ├── web // Web层 (Servlets, Filters)
│ │ │ ├── controller
│ │ │ │ ├── ProductController.java (Servlet)
│ │ │ │ └── AuthFilter.java (Servlet Filter)
│ │ │ └── listener
│ │ │ └── AppContextListener.java (ServletContextListener)
│ │ └── security // 安全相关
│ │ └── SimpleLoginModule.java (可选,若用JAAS)
│ ├── resources
│ │ ├── META-INF
│ │ │ ├── persistence.xml // JPA 配置
│ │ │ └── beans.xml // CDI 激活 (需要空文件)
│ │ └── application.properties // 可选,外部化配置
│ └── webapp
│ ├── WEB-INF
│ │ ├── web.xml // Servlet 部署描述符 (可选,但推荐用于安全配置)
│ │ ├── views // JSP 视图
│ │ │ ├── product
│ │ │ │ ├── list.jsp
│ │ │ │ ├── form.jsp
│ │ │ │ └── view.jsp
│ │ │ └── login.jsp
│ │ └── lib // JSTL等库
│ ├── index.jsp // 重定向或首页
│ └── resources // CSS, JS, Images
└── test // 单元/集成测试
核心开发步骤详解
定义领域模型 (JPA Entity)
src/main/java/com/example/ecommerce/model/Product.java
package com.example.ecommerce.model;
import jakarta.persistence.;
import jakarta.validation.constraints.;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.time.LocalDateTime;
@Entity
@Table(name = "products")
@NamedQuery(name = "Product.findAll", query = "SELECT p FROM Product p")
public class Product {
@Id
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
private Long id;
@NotBlank(message = "产品名称不能为空")
@Size(min = 2, max = 100, message = "名称长度需在2-100字符之间")
@Column(nullable = false, unique = true)
private String name;
@NotBlank(message = "描述不能为空")
@Column(columnDefinition = "TEXT")
private String description;
@NotNull(message = "价格不能为空")
@DecimalMin(value = "0.0", inclusive = false, message = "价格必须大于0")
@Digits(integer = 10, fraction = 2, message = "价格格式无效")
private BigDecimal price;
@NotNull(message = "库存数量不能为空")
@Min(value = 0, message = "库存不能为负数")
private Integer stockQuantity;
@Column(updatable = false)
private LocalDateTime createdAt;
private LocalDateTime updatedAt;
// JPA 生命周期回调 - 持久化前设置创建时间
@PrePersist
protected void onCreate() {
createdAt = LocalDateTime.now();
}
// JPA 生命周期回调 - 更新前设置更新时间
@PreUpdate
protected void onUpdate() {
updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now();
}
// Getters and Setters (必须) ...
// 省略构造函数 (JPA需要无参) ...
}
- 关键点: 使用
@Entity标记为持久化对象,@Id定义主键。@Table指定表名。@NotBlank,@Size,@DecimalMin等来自Bean Validation,确保数据在进入业务层前有效。@PrePersist/@PreUpdate处理审计字段。
配置JPA (persistence.xml)
src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="3.1" xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/persistence"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/persistence https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_3_1.xsd">
<persistence-unit name="productPU" transaction-type="JTA">
<description>Product Management Persistence Unit</description>
<jta-data-source>java:jboss/datasources/ExampleDS</jta-data-source> <!-- 使用应用服务器配置的JNDI数据源 -->
<class>com.example.ecommerce.model.Product</class>
<properties>
<!-- 使用Hibernate方言 (根据实际数据库调整) -->
<property name="jakarta.persistence.jdbc.driver" value="org.postgresql.Driver"/> <!-- 仅在不使用JNDI时需显式指定 -->
<property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQLDialect"/>
<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update"/> <!-- 开发环境方便,生产环境请用validate或none -->
<property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true"/> <!-- 开发调试用 -->
<property name="hibernate.format_sql" value="true"/>
</properties>
</persistence-unit>
</persistence>
- 关键点:
transaction-type="JTA"声明使用容器管理的事务。<jta-data-source>引用应用服务器上配置的JNDI数据源(这是生产推荐方式)。hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update让Hibernate自动更新数据库模式(便于开发,生产务必禁用或改用Flyway/Liquibase)。
实现数据访问层 (Repository – EJB Stateless Session Bean)
src/main/java/com/example/ecommerce/dao/ProductRepository.java

package com.example.ecommerce.dao;
import com.example.ecommerce.model.Product;
import jakarta.ejb.Stateless;
import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager;
import jakarta.persistence.PersistenceContext;
import jakarta.persistence.TypedQuery;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Optional;
@Stateless // 声明为无状态会话Bean,容器管理其生命周期、事务和并发
public class ProductRepository {
@PersistenceContext(unitName = "productPU") // 容器注入EntityManager
private EntityManager em;
public Product save(Product product) {
if (product.getId() == null) {
em.persist(product); // 新增
return product;
} else {
return em.merge(product); // 更新
}
}
public Optional<Product> findById(Long id) {
return Optional.ofNullable(em.find(Product.class, id));
}
public List<Product> findAll() {
TypedQuery<Product> query = em.createNamedQuery("Product.findAll", Product.class);
return query.getResultList();
}
public List<Product> searchByName(String keyword) {
TypedQuery<Product> query = em.createQuery(
"SELECT p FROM Product p WHERE LOWER(p.name) LIKE LOWER(:keyword)", Product.class);
query.setParameter("keyword", "%" + keyword + "%");
return query.getResultList();
}
public void deleteById(Long id) {
Product product = findById(id).orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("无效的产品ID: " + id));
em.remove(product);
}
}
- 关键点:
@Stateless使ProductRepository成为EJB,容器自动管理JTA事务(save,delete等方法默认在事务中执行)。@PersistenceContext由容器注入与当前事务关联的EntityManager,使用Optional处理可能为空的查询结果更安全。createNamedQuery利用实体类上定义的@NamedQuery。
实现业务逻辑层 (Service – EJB Stateless Session Bean)
src/main/java/com/example/ecommerce/service/ProductService.java
package com.example.ecommerce.service;
import com.example.ecommerce.dao.ProductRepository;
import com.example.ecommerce.model.Product;
import jakarta.ejb.Stateless;
import jakarta.inject.Inject;
import jakarta.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import jakarta.validation.ConstraintViolationException;
import jakarta.validation.Validator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
@Stateless
public class ProductService {
@Inject // CDI注入ProductRepository EJB
private ProductRepository productRepository;
@Inject // CDI注入Validator进行手动验证
private Validator validator;
public Product createProduct(Product product) {
// 手动触发Bean Validation (JPA的persist/merge也会触发,这里展示手动方式)
Set<ConstraintViolation<Product>> violations = validator.validate(product);
if (!violations.isEmpty()) {
throw new ConstraintViolationException(violations);
}
return productRepository.save(product);
}
public Product updateProduct(Long id, Product productDetails) {
Product existingProduct = productRepository.findById(id)
.orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("产品不存在,ID: " + id));
// 更新逻辑 (避免直接覆盖敏感字段如createdAt)
existingProduct.setName(productDetails.getName());
existingProduct.setDescription(productDetails.getDescription());
existingProduct.setPrice(productDetails.getPrice());
existingProduct.setStockQuantity(productDetails.getStockQuantity());
// 再次验证
Set<ConstraintViolation<Product>> violations = validator.validate(existingProduct);
if (!violations.isEmpty()) {
throw new ConstraintViolationException(violations);
}
return productRepository.save(existingProduct);
}
public List<Product> getAllProducts() {
return productRepository.findAll();
}
public Product getProductById(Long id) {
return productRepository.findById(id)
.orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException("产品不存在,ID: " + id));
}
public List<Product> searchProducts(String keyword) {
return productRepository.searchByName(keyword);
}
public void deleteProduct(Long id) {
productRepository.deleteById(id);
}
}
- 关键点:
@Inject(CDI)用于注入ProductRepositoryEJB和Validator。ProductService封装了更复杂的业务逻辑(如更新时避免覆盖审计字段、手动验证),它作为业务门面(Facade),为Web层提供清晰的服务接口,事务边界通常定义在Service层方法。
实现Web控制器 (Servlet)
src/main/java/com/example/ecommerce/web/controller/ProductController.java
package com.example.ecommerce.web.controller;
import com.example.ecommerce.model.Product;
import com.example.ecommerce.service.ProductService;
import jakarta.inject.Inject;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
@WebServlet(name = "ProductController", urlPatterns = {"/products", "/products/"})
public class ProductController extends HttpServlet {
@Inject
private ProductService productService;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String pathInfo = request.getPathInfo();
String action = (pathInfo == null || pathInfo.equals("/")) ? "list" : pathInfo.substring(1);
try {
switch (action) {
case "new":
showNewForm(request, response);
break;
case "edit":
showEditForm(request, response);
break;
case "view":
viewProduct(request, response);
break;
case "search":
searchProducts(request, response);
break;
case "list":
default:
listProducts(request, response);
break;
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
request.setAttribute("errorMessage", "操作失败: " + ex.getMessage());
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/error.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String pathInfo = request.getPathInfo();
String action = (pathInfo == null || pathInfo.equals("/")) ? "create" : pathInfo.substring(1);
try {
switch (action) {
case "create":
createProduct(request, response);
break;
case "update":
updateProduct(request, response);
break;
case "delete":
deleteProduct(request, response);
break;
}
} catch (Exception ex) {
request.setAttribute("errorMessage", "操作失败: " + ex.getMessage());
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/error.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
}
private void listProducts(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
List<Product> products = productService.getAllProducts();
request.setAttribute("products", products);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/product/list.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
private void searchProducts(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String keyword = request.getParameter("keyword");
List<Product> products = productService.searchProducts(keyword);
request.setAttribute("products", products);
request.setAttribute("searchKeyword", keyword);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/product/list.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
private void showNewForm(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/product/form.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
private void showEditForm(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Long id = Long.parseLong(request.getParameter("id"));
Product product = productService.getProductById(id);
request.setAttribute("product", product);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/product/form.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
private void viewProduct(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
Long id = Long.parseLong(request.getParameter("id"));
Product product = productService.getProductById(id);
request.setAttribute("product", product);
request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/views/product/view.jsp").forward(request, response);
}
private void createProduct(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
Product product = extractProductFromRequest(request);
productService.createProduct(product);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/products?success=create");
}
private void updateProduct(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
Long id = Long.parseLong(request.getParameter("id"));
Product productDetails = extractProductFromRequest(request);
productService.updateProduct(id, productDetails);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/products?success=update");
}
private void deleteProduct(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
Long id = Long.parseLong(request.getParameter("id"));
productService.deleteProduct(id);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/products?success=delete");
}
private Product extractProductFromRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
Product product = new Product();
product.setName(request.getParameter("name"));
product.setDescription(request.getParameter("description"));
product.setPrice(new BigDecimal(request.getParameter("price")));
product.setStockQuantity(Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("stockQuantity")));
return product;
}
}
- 关键点:
@WebServlet注解配置Servlet URL映射。@Inject注入ProductService。doGet处理页面展示请求(列表、表单、详情),doPost处理表单提交(创建、更新、删除),使用switch根据URL路径(pathInfo)或参数(action)路由到不同的内部方法,表单数据处理后使用response.sendRedirect进行PRG模式(Post-Redirect-Get)避免重复提交,异常统一捕获并转发到错误页面。extractProductFromRequest方法演示了简单的请求参数到对象的绑定(更复杂场景可用BeanUtils或框架)。
实现视图层 (JSP + JSTL)
/WEB-INF/views/product/list.jsp (核心片段)
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="jakarta.tags.core" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="fmt" uri="jakarta.tags.fmt" %>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>产品列表</title>
<!-- Bootstrap CSS 等样式引入 -->
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<h1>产品管理</h1>
<!-- 搜索表单 -->
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/products/search" method="get" class="mb-3">
<div class="input-group">
<input type="text" name="keyword" class="form-control" placeholder="搜索产品名称..." value="${param.keyword}">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">搜索</button>
</div>
</form>
<!-- 操作按钮 -->
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/products/new" class="btn btn-success mb-3">添加新产品</a>
<!-- 成功/错误消息 -->
<c:if test="${not empty param.success}">
<div class="alert alert-success alert-dismissible fade show">
<c:choose>
<c:when test="${param.success eq 'create'}">产品添加成功!</c:when>
<c:when test="${param.success eq 'update'}">产品更新成功!</c:when>
<c:when test="${param.success eq 'delete'}">产品删除成功!</c:when>
</c:choose>
<button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert"></button>
</div>
</c:if>
<!-- 产品表格 -->
<table class="table table-striped table-hover">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>ID</th>
<th>产品名称</th>
<th>描述</th>
<th>价格</th>
<th>库存</th>
<th>操作</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<c:forEach var="product" items="${products}">
<tr>
<td>${product.id}</td>
<td>${product.name}</td>
<td>${fn:substring(product.description, 0, 50)}<c:if test="${fn:length(product.description) > 50}">...</c:if></td>
<td><fmt:formatNumber value="${product.price}" type="currency"/></td>
<td>${product.stockQuantity}</td>
<td>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/products/view?id=${product.id}" class="btn btn-info btn-sm">查看</a>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/products/edit?id=${product.id}" class="btn btn-warning btn-sm">编辑</a>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/products/delete" method="post" style="display:inline;">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="${product.id}">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-sm" onclick="return confirm('确定删除该产品吗?')">删除</button>
</form>
</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<!-- Bootstrap JS 等脚本引入 -->
</body>
</html>
- 关键点: 使用JSTL核心标签
<c:forEach>遍历产品列表,<c:if>,<c:choose>/<c:when>处理条件逻辑和消息显示。<fmt:formatNumber>格式化货币。fn:substring(需引入fn标签库)截断长描述,表单使用${pageContext.request.contextPath}确保路径正确,删除操作使用JavaScriptconfirm进行二次确认,页面布局和样式采用Bootstrap框架(需引入相应CSS/JS)。form.jsp和view.jsp的实现逻辑类似,分别用于展示编辑/创建表单和产品详情。
实现基本安全控制 (Servlet Filter + web.xml / Jakarta Security)
方案A:使用Servlet Filter (简单认证)
src/main/java/com/example/ecommerce/web/AuthFilter.java

package com.example.ecommerce.web;
import jakarta.servlet.;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
@WebFilter(urlPatterns = {"/products/", "/products"}) // 保护所有产品管理相关URL
public class AuthFilter implements Filter {
@Override
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
HttpSession session = httpRequest.getSession(false); // 不创建新session
boolean isLoggedIn = (session != null && session.getAttribute("user") != null);
boolean isLoginRequest = httpRequest.getRequestURI().endsWith("/login") || httpRequest.getRequestURI().endsWith("/login.jsp");
boolean isStaticResource = httpRequest.getRequestURI().contains("/resources/");
if (isLoggedIn || isLoginRequest || isStaticResource) {
chain.doFilter(request, response); // 放行
} else {
// 重定向到登录页面,保存原始请求URL便于登录后跳转
String originalUrl = httpRequest.getRequestURL().toString();
String queryString = httpRequest.getQueryString();
if (queryString != null) {
originalUrl += "?" + queryString;
}
session = httpRequest.getSession();
session.setAttribute("originalRequest", originalUrl);
httpResponse.sendRedirect(httpRequest.getContextPath() + "/login.jsp");
}
}
// init() and destroy() ...
}
/login.jsp (简化版表单)
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/j_security_check" method="post"> <!-- 使用容器管理的j_security_check -->
<input type="text" name="j_username" placeholder="用户名" required>
<input type="password" name="j_password" placeholder="密码" required>
<button type="submit">登录</button>
</form>
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml (配置JAAS Realm和约束 – 片段)
<web-app xmlns="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee https://jakarta.ee/xml/ns/jakartaee/web-app_6_0.xsd"
version="6.0">
<security-constraint>
<web-resource-collection>
<web-resource-name>Protected Resources</web-resource-name>
<url-pattern>/products/</url-pattern>
<url-pattern>/products</url-pattern>
</web-resource-collection>
<auth-constraint>
<role-name>admin</role-name> <!-- 应用服务器上配置的角色 -->
</auth-constraint>
</security-constraint>
<login-config>
<auth-method>FORM</auth-method>
<form-login-config>
<form-login-page>/login.jsp</form-login-page>
<form-error-page>/login.jsp?error=true</form-error-page>
</form-login-config>
</login-config>
<security-role>
<role-name>admin</role-name>
</security-role>
</web-app>
- 关键点 (Filter方案):
AuthFilter拦截受保护路径,检查Session中是否存在登录标识(user),未登录用户重定向到登录页,登录表单提交到容器标准的j_security_checkURL。web.xml配置声明哪些URL需要admin角色,以及FORM登录的页面。
方案B:使用Jakarta Security 3.0 (更现代,推荐)
- 定义身份存储(如数据库、LDAP)。
- 使用
@BasicAuthenticationMechanismDefinition或@FormAuthenticationMechanismDefinition注解配置认证机制。 - 在
ProductService方法或Servlet上使用@RolesAllowed("admin")注解进行细粒度方法级授权。 - 需要应用服务器支持Jakarta Security,配置更集中且类型安全。
部署与优化
- 打包: 使用Maven命令
mvn clean package生成WAR文件 (target/product-management-system.war)。 - 部署: 将WAR文件复制到应用服务器(如WildFly)的
standalone/deployments/目录,服务器会自动部署。 - 数据库连接池调优: 在应用服务器配置中(如WildFly的
standalone.xml)调整所使用的数据源(ExampleDS)的连接池参数(max-pool-size,min-pool-size,idle-timeout-minutes等),匹配生产负载。 - JPA 二级缓存: 配置Hibernate二级缓存(如Ehcache, Infinispan)以提升频繁读取数据的性能,在
persistence.xml中添加缓存相关属性。 - JVM 调优: 根据服务器内存设置合适的JVM堆大小 (
-Xms,-Xmx),选择垃圾收集器(如G1GC)。 - 静态资源缓存: 配置Web服务器或CDN对CSS、JS、图片等静态资源进行缓存。
- 集群化 (可选): 对于高可用需求,配置应用服务器集群(如WildFly域模式)和分布式会话(在
web.xml中添加<distributable/>标签)以及负载均衡器(如Nginx, HAProxy)。
总结与进阶思考
本实例展示了使用J2EE/Jakarta EE核心技术栈构建一个典型企业级Web应用的核心流程,我们实践了分层架构(Web层->Service层->DAO层->Model层)、容器管理的事务(EJB)、依赖注入(CDI)、ORM(JPA/Hibernate)、输入验证(Bean Validation)和基础安全(Filter/Jakarta Security)。
- 超越基础:
- RESTful API: 使用JAX-RS (Jakarta RESTful Web Services) 替代Servlet,构建前后端分离的API。
- 异步处理: 使用Servlet 3.1+的异步I/O或JMS/MDB处理耗时操作,提升吞吐量。
- 更复杂业务逻辑: 在Service层实现涉及多个实体的事务性操作、业务规则引擎集成。
- 前端框架集成: 将JSP视图替换为现代前端框架(如React, Vue.js, Angular),通过API交互。
- 微服务化: 将不同功能模块拆分为独立的微服务(使用MicroProfile或Spring Boot),部署在容器平台(如Kubernetes)。
- 全面监控: 集成应用性能管理(APM)工具(如Jaeger, Prometheus+Grafana)和日志集中管理(ELK Stack)。
J2EE/Jakarta EE平台提供了构建稳健、可扩展企业应用的坚实基础,理解其核心组件(Servlet, JSP, EJB, JPA)的协作机制和最佳实践,是驾驭复杂企业级开发的关键,虽然现代开发中Spring Boot因其便利性非常流行,但掌握标准的Jakarta EE规范能让你更深刻地理解Java企业级开发的本质,并能在需要严格遵循标准或使用特定应用服务器时游刃有余。
你更倾向于使用哪种方式实现业务层?是传统的EJB还是更轻量的CDI Managed Bean?在实际项目中,你会如何处理复杂的跨实体事务?欢迎分享你的经验和见解!
原创文章,作者:世雄 - 原生数据库架构专家,如若转载,请注明出处:https://idctop.com/article/10366.html